Letter to Simon (Class Discussion)

Dear Simon, I might by and by want to invite you to our nation. In any case, the fundamental essential elements of a working framework (OS) is overseeing assets, for example, planning the hard drive, inner memory, processor, and so forth to make your PC run all the more easily. The working framework additionally goes about as a User Interface with the application Microsoft Office, with the preliminary form previously introduced onto your PC. At long last, running applications importance running all the application programming, for example, Microsoft Word in Microsoft Office which we will talk about. The fundamental three highlights of Microsoft Office that I will talk about with you are spelling and language check include, the status bar highlight, and the Word Help include. These highlights will be most useful I accept with your experience as an understudy and a laborer. The primary we will examine will be the spelling and sentence structure check include. You will have the option to utilize this element to address incorrectly spelled words and off base language structure in your record. This is most useful when composing an exposition for school and making a record for the workplace, for example, a strategic plan. As you type, Word consequently checks your composing for spelling and language structure mistakes. At the point when you incorrectly spell a word or utilize off base sentence structure, a red (for the incorrect spelling) and a green (for wrong punctuation) wavy underline will show up underneath the mistakes. You can go to the off base language structure or incorrectly spelled word and right snap on the word to see the proposals that Word will offer you to set up of the off base word and additionally punctuation. The following component we will examine is the status bar. It is situated at the base of the current report window that you are making simply over the Windows task bar. It presents data about the archive, for example, the advancement of current undertakings. It additionally shows what number of pages in the record and on which page you are at present on. It additionally shows what number of words you have composed which will be exceptionally useful for the situation that you may need to compose a report with let us state 500 words in it. It likewise shows your spelling and language structure check symbol to inform you as to whether you have any blunders. A blue check showed on the symbol implies you don't right now have any mistakes, while an ed ‘x’ mark implies you have a blunder some place in your report, regardless of whether it be erroneous sentence structure or an incorrectly spelled word. Additionally, another component of Microsoft Word, that I will incorporate for you, that you may discover valuable is the layouts. A layout is a beginning stage that is pre-set, all that is required done by the administrator, which is you, is to fill in the spaces or supplant pre-composed enhancements. Instances of formats incorporate business letters, resumes, scholastic letters, individual letters, articulations, and so on. You can see your layouts by tapping on the Office Button, at that point select New, and snap on introduced formats. The last element we will examine is the Word Help highlight. It is helpful particularly when you are new to Microsoft Word. Whenever you are utilizing Word, it doesn't make a difference on the off chance that you are in a passage, page, or sentence, you can get to Word Help to discover answers to any of your inquiries. It reacts with a rundown of list items with various connections from numerous sources that you can tap on to show your ideal answer. It will limit your time figuring out how to utilize Word and will lessen your dissatisfactions. You can get to it by tapping the Microsoft Office Word Help button close to the upper right corner of your Word window showed as a blue hover with a white question mark in the center. A particular programming application that I have discovered valuable on my PC is Microsoft Office Excel. I have thought that it was valuable since I can monitor my budgetary records, I can get a spreadsheet of how much cash-flow I at present have, the amount I have spent, what I have gone through that cash for, and how much cash I have remaining. I have likewise really made a â€Å"potty chart† for my three-year-old girl that each time she utilizes her ‘potty’ on some random day, she gets a sticker on that diagram. I have likewise made errand graphs for my family unit since I have two or three companions remaining with me until they stand up. We turn the errands consistently. At long last, the highlights of my present course site, E-College, that will assist me with achieving accomplishment in my scholarly interests are: the primary Course Home page where I can monitor new declarations that my teacher has posted; he Grade Book tab where I can verify what my present evaluation is and the evaluations I have made on various assignments; and the email tab that lets me stay in contact with my educator of any close to home issues or any inquiries I may have that I would prefer not to be shared openly. I can likewise stay in contact with my individual colleagues concerning any assignments that I may not comprehen d and I will have the option to approach them for help. Good karma with all the fixings. I trust you do very well in your examinations and calling. Your companion, Staci N. Phillips

China Admits New Tainted-Milk Case is Older Essay

China Admits New Tainted-Milk Case is Older - Essay Example New York Times keeps on calling attention to that enquiry into the Shanghai Panda Dairy Company began around two months before Chinese controllers captured the offenders. As indicated by New York Times columnist David Barboza, doctoring of milk prepared for action of news and China controllers back in February the year 2009. As indicated by Shen Weiping, one of officials at Fengxian District arraignment official, the worry of administrators from Panda Dairy happened in the April in the year 2009 (Barboza, 2010: 1). This story keeps on uncovering that Mr. Shen set aside a ton of effort to alarm the general population about sullied milk from Shanghai Panda Dairy. Mr. Shen didn't illuminate the general population about the conclusion regarding the dairy manufacturing plant being referred to. This made undesirable pressure in the open field. Activities of this arraignment official contradicted China’s wellbeing law, which it authorized in June 2009. The law requested that food mak ers ought to inform agents and buyers of grave sanitation inconveniences. To disturb the contention between Shanghai Panda Dairy, customers, and people in general, the administration of China kept up quiet on the issue. It didn't write about whether the polluted milk in question had made infection any resident (Barboza, 2010: 1). ... The activities of media houses to arrive at the dairy hit a dead stone. The processing plant didn't answer any call that radiated from outside source. To disturb this grave issue, the General Administration for Quality Supervision Inspection and Quarantine didn't answer to the interests of media for a cross examination. This provoked legitimate specialists to pronounce the postponement to report the pollution of milk to people in general and buyers an inconvenient case (Barboza, 2010: 1). Wang Xixin, who is a teacher of protected law at Peking University, guaranteed national and nearby quality oversight authorities repudiated China’s law for neglecting to report Shanghai Panda’s case to people in general. As indicated by the educator, the legislature of China hid significant data in this manner putting the wellbeing of Chinese in question. David, author with New York Times, uncovers that officials at Shanghai Panda assembled a gathering in December 2008, after the open requested a review of melamine-polluted milk powder (Barboza, 2010:1). As per this story, the officials go to a choice to exchange the corrupted milk. The administration dismissed open objection and wouldn't fret the medical problem of Chinese. Mr. Shen revealed that Panda Dairy mixed sullied components with other safe items and exchanged it. Media in China was instrumental to bring accounts of shocked guardians who asserted that their kids experienced melamine-related scatters. This provoked administration of China to organize a countrywide crackdown on melamine-tainted milk. As indicated by New York Times, China review organizations found that 22 immense dairy organizations prepared milk that contained elevated levels of melamine (Barboza, 2010: 1). The tales of the offer of unhygienic milk in China

The Search for the Manchurian Candidate essays

The Search for the Manchurian Candidate expositions The Search for the Manchurian Candidate The Manchurian Candidate is a term that came into language in 1959. It depended on an anecdote about a joint soviet-Chinese plot to take an American warrior catch in Korea, condition him at an exceptional indoctrinating focus situated in Manchuria, and made a remote-controlled professional killer who was assume to murder the leader of the United States. Brain control was a way that the United States could discover what and when any nation or psychological oppressors had musings of causing any harm on our country. A medication that could make someone willing or reluctant to inform top privileged insights concerning different organizations that were keeping an eye on the legislature and our Central Intelligence Agency, would assist significantly. Medications blended and planned by extraordinary researcher were made to make sees that had been gotten languid and in a zombie like daze, so CIA operators could address foes on things that were worries to the United States all in all and to the CIA program. These medications were produced for the foe to likewise overlook and not review any of the data that had been talked about in the cross examination room, and furthermore so they couldn't tell their offices that they had been addressed by the United States CIA operators. These examinations will put our CIA head and shoulders over each othe r office in different nations; this is the reason controlling the brain was so critical to the United States. The virus war depended on a ton of words and a ton of top mysteries that were not think about different countries. On the off chance that the United States could discover a way or a medication to make different countries spill their insider facts then that would be a major in addition to us. Trial records at Dachau was somewhat wrong and whenever affirmed they would be a significant supplement to the current information. Mescaline and mesmerizing analyses were sent back to the U.S., however were rarely made open. The United States understood that each other country, for example, Germany, France and Russi... <!

College Athletes Ready For a Career - Free Essay Example

Los Angeles Lakers point guard Lonzo Ball recently said in an interview that college athletes should be paid. Everybody knows everybodys getting paid, Ball said. Thats just how it is. Everybodys getting paid anyway, you might as well make it legal. Thats how I feel.(Boone) This is a common opinion that athletes have about the subject. College athletes should not be paid. Many college athletes are on a paid scholarship anyways and get the opportunity to go to school for free. College athletes should just be appreciative for the chance they have. If a player is skilled enough to be paid to play in college, then they should have no problem playing professional sports after college. By no means is it easy to be a college student-athlete. Having to focus on classes, attend film sessions, practice 17-20 hours a week, games towards the end of the week, workout sessions, etc. College athletes have a lot on their plate with sports and school and are sometimes forced to miss class. These athletes work hard and sacrifice their freetime for no pay at all, but that is just how it should be. When you choose to become a college athlete, you are conscious of your decision and aware of what it takes. As difficult a job these athletes have, they should still not receive pay to play sports at a college level. College is a place where students go to further their education so they can get some kind of successful career they are interested in. The second college-student athletes begin to receive pay, they will see college as a place where they can go to make money, rather than a place to get them ready for a career. As one begins to consider incorporating revenue for college players, the same important questions arise. How would you determine who gets payed? How do you decide how much you would pay a certain player or team? Would you pay every player on a team? A lot is to be considered. Athletes would obviously want to play for a college who gives out the largest salary, making it difficult for smaller schools to recruit athletes and easier for bigger schools. This would put colleges in competition to see who can have the higher salary. College would quickly transform from a place where you go to get a better education, to more of a competitive business like environment between other schools. When less popular colleges are shut down because they cannot provide a decent sports program, this can deny other students of getting the opportunity at a higher education, which would not be fair. Sports at the collegiate level are still extracurricular activities and should be the second priority under e ducation. If the NCAA decided to pay college athletes then they would simply be taking away the purity of the game. Players would be more committed to making money, rather than playing a sport that he or she loves or enjoys. College sports would begin to revolve around revenue, and participants would become consumed with the thought of making money as opposed to playing in an extracurricular sport in college. Student athletes may work hard to do the things they do, but when participating in a sport, money should not be their reason for playing. A true athlete continues to play the sport he or she loves because they are passionate about the game, not because of the amount of money they can earn. Student athletes in college should not receive pay because a number of reasons. A lot may have their own opinion on the matter such as why they should be paid. Continuing to keep money out of the question for college athletes is the best idea. College should not be looked at as a place where athletes can go and get paid to play sports. Collegiate level sports should be looked at as an opportunity to play sports while getting a degree, and in some cases, a place where athletes can be recognized as above average players as well as make it to the next level as a professional where you can make a salary playing the sport you enjoy.

Root Structure Benefits - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 251 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Aeroponics The most recent technology to be developed in agriculture is Aeroponics, a method in which a plant’s roots are fed and watered midair. The plants are generally suspended from baskets (similar to those in which strawberries are packaged) at the top of a closed trough or cylinder. With the plants suspended in this manner, all essential nourishment can be provided to the roots by spraying them with a nutrient solution. Since the roots are suspended in midair, they receive the maximum amount of oxygen possible. This method is also the most nutrient-efficient, because you need only provide what the plants require, and any nutrient that is not absorbed is drained back into the reservoir and recycled much like the previous methods. It is of utmost importance that the atmosphere in which the roots grow is maintained at 100% relative humidity to prevent dehydration. A drawback to current aeroponic systems is maintaining root health in the event of pump malfunction or loss of power. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Root Structure Benefits" essay for you Create order Without the spray of nutrient enriched water, root systems will not remain healthy for long. They will rapidly dry up and die. However, the increased oxygenation that is received by the plant’s root structure benefits growth at an unprecedented level and has been scientifically proven to increase crop yields by as much as 10 times over soil. The AeroSpring design that is featured for construction later in the book combines aeroponics with a deep, reservoir to protect against crop loss in the event of a pump failure.

Video Games And Its Effect On Human Behavior Essay

Throughout the world there have been incidents of violence and aggression that were attributed to, or subsequently associated with, video games. In this paper, I will determine the extent of influence that video games have had upon an individual’s decision to take such actions and what should be done to avoid such occurrences in the future. Looking into the world of video games I will explore research that has indicated the exposure to video games directly results in aggression or violent acts. Additionally, I examine research that has stated that a direct relation cannot be determined and that there may be other important factors not sufficiently addressed like societal influence. Also, I will introduce observations about the study of video games and their relation to aggression and violence and how they may be faulty or biased making any results reported necessitating additional scrutiny. Based on this information I will discuss how video games and violence are being reporte d in current media coverage, public policy, and spending to reduce violence. I will also look at the responsibility of video game developers in responding to the concerns that are being raised based upon this subject. In closure, I will discuss where this information should direct actions in the future. This will range from responsibility of game creators, public policy, and the expenditure of time and money to help prevent the types of events that are being attributed to video game exposure. InShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Human Behavior1602 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Games are a form of media that continues to grow throughout society. As it grows and becomes fully adopted by adults and children alike, it seems as though a shroud of controversy follows suit. Many parents and those alike seem very afraid or reluctant to let their children play video games in today’s age. They fear for the long term affects such games might have on their children or ev en the short term effects. Many people see a correlation between aggressive behavior, violent moods, and bullyingRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Its Effects On Gamers1205 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Game Violence and its effects on Gamers In recent years there has been a significant increase of shooting incidents, specifically in America. When there is a shooting event the media is quick to question if the suspect had a history of playing violent video games. There is already the initial connection between video game violence and aggression; but is this connection scientifically correct? This topic interests me because of the increase in school shootings and violence. I have personallyRead MoreDo Video Games Inspire Violent Behavior?1713 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding the effects of violent video games and the development of today’s youth. Many people believe that the violence in video games promotes aggression. According to Doctor Brad Bushman’s article, Do Violent Video Games Increase Aggression? he claims that violent video games leads to aggression because it is interactive process that teaches and rewards violent behavior. Yet others believe that this not the case. Gregg Toppo of the Scientific American, writes in his article, â€Å"Do Video Games InspireRead MoreAlbert Bandura Social Learning Theory1060 Words   |  5 PagesMass shootings,  youth violence,  and  anti-social behaviors have caused society to point their finger at video games. Video game reformists claim that video game violence causes aggressive behavior which result in violent acts. The best way to approach society’s claim is with Albert Bandura’s cognitive-behavioral â€Å"Modeling† approach. This research shows that although video game violence may condone aggressive behavior,  it is not  the only factor triggering individuals to act aggressively or performRead MorePositive Effects Of Violent Video Games1161 Words   |  5 PagesViolent video games have been a popular pass time for American teenagers ever since the first ones were released. The most popular of these games are Grand Theft Auto, Call of Duty, Mortal Kombat, and Doom. It has become a popular belief that t hese games are directly linked to violent behaviors in our youth. Numerous scholars have set out to determine the validity of these assumptions through vast surveys and studies in America. All of these scholars share the belief that violent video games affectRead MoreViolent Behavior : The Contributors1706 Words   |  7 PagesTriggering Violent Behavior: the Contributors Violence can be everywhere but what may actually trigger violent behaviors is difficult to figure out. Many believe violent behavior is triggered by a certain outcome. Although this may be true, violent behavior can be triggered by a combination of factors. Media, Chemicals, and even society are all known as factors that can influence one to become violent. Forms of violent behavior include aggression, aggravation, and/or frustration. Aggression isRead MoreAdolescent Aggression Based on Violent Videogames1645 Words   |  7 PagesVideogames Violent video games played by millions of people every day results in animated characters having hearts ripped out, heads decapitated, and blood squirting across the screen as their mutilated bodies are erased from the screen. Most players play these games to pass the time, increase hand eye coordination, and create harmless competitions amongst those playing. However, some who play these games are entranced by the violent aggressive behaviors demonstrated in the games and may even actRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games991 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, video games have quietly risen as the premier form of entertainment worldwide. Global revenues for the video game industry totaled $83.6 billion in 2014, outpacing both the film and music industry which rang in $36.4 billion and 15.06 billion respectively in the same year. (Foote, 2016). In the U.S., video games have a wide influence on the American society with â€Å"more than 40% of Americans reported playing video g ames regularly, (Green and Seitz, 2015), and of the 40%, children areRead More Violent Video Games and The Human Psyche Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The effects of violent video game exposure, both positive and negative, on various behaviors are still highly contested within academia and the general public† (p. 608). Violence in video games is often wrongfully perused as a topic of extreme criticism pertaining to an individual’s act of violence in today society. Examples of such would include the shooting that occurred in April 2007 at Virginia Technical College; where Jack Thompson and Philip McGraw asserted that violent video games were theRead MoreGame over: the Effects of Violent Video Games on Children Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesGame Over: The effects of Violent Video Games on Children Seven hours. That is the amount of hours a day the average American child plays a video games (Anderson 354), and with technology advancing and games becoming more graphic, the concern over a violent game’s effect over a child’s development is growing. What does playing video games for seven hours do to a child’s development? Violent, role-playing video games adversely affects a child’s development and causes aggression in children and adolescents;

United States Court Systems free essay sample

This report is designed to give an overview of both the United States Court system and the Michigan State Court system. It will discuss each system individually and explain each court and general knowledge about that court. It will explore the similarities and differences between the 2 court systems and what the requirements are to determine in which court system cases should be heard. The Federal Courts The Federal Court system is comprised of 3 different tiers, the United States Supreme Court, the United States Court of Appeals and the United States District Courts. The United States District Courts are the trial courts of the Federal Court system. All cases heard in the Federal Court system begin here. The United State District Court is composed of 94 districts, with at least one in each state, one in the District of Columbia, one in Puerto Rico and in each of our 3 territories of Guam, Virgin Islands and the Northern Mariana Islands as well as separate courts of limited jurisdiction such as United States Bankruptcy Court, United States Court of International Trade, United States Court of Federal Claims, United States Military Court, United States Court of Veterans Appeals, United States Tax Court and federal administrative agencies and boards. The Court of International Trade handles cases involving international trade and customs issues. The United States Court of Federal Claims handles most claims for monetary damages against the United States, disputes over federal contracts, unlawful seizures of private property by the federal government. The United States Court of Appeals is made up of 94 judicial districts which are divided into 12 regional circuits, each of which has a United States Court of Appeals. Each United State Court of Appeals branch has jurisdiction over its districts, as well as appeals from decisions of federal administrative agencies. The Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit has jurisdiction over all appeals in specialized cases, such as those involving patent laws and cases from the Court of International Trade and the Court of Federal Claims. The United States Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices. Any vacancy for these justices is filled by the President of the United States to a life term, meaning until death or retirement. The United Supreme Court hears a limited number of cases per year and only the cases it chooses to hear. Appealing to the United States Supreme Court does not guarantee they will consider the appeal. These cases may begin in either the federal or state courts, and they usually involve questions about the Constitution or federal law. Federal Court Jurisdiction Federal Court jurisdiction means can this case be judged by courts in the Federal Courts systems. This can be determined by asking the following questions. Is this case based on a question about the Constitution or a federal law? Are the plaintiff and defendant citizens of different states, or is one of the defendants a foreign entity or a resident of a foreign country, and the value sought is over $75,000? If the value is less than $75,000 it does not qualify. An answer of yes to either question will make it a Federal Court jurisdiction case. Michigan State Courts Michigan has 3 tiers of courts similar to the Federal system. They are the Michigan Circuit Court, the Michigan Court of Appeals and the Michigan Supreme Court. The Michigan Supreme Court is Michigans highest court and has 7 justices who are elected to terms of 8 years. It hears cases at its discretion. Each justice reviews every case submitted to determine whether the case should be heard. Less than 100 cases are heard each year. The Court hears oral arguments October-May of each year. Decisions are released throughout the term of August 1–July 31 of each year. The Michigan Court of Appeals is divided into four districts for election purposes. The Court’s 28 judges sit in panels of three and rotate among the three courtroom locations (Detroit, Lansing, and Grand Rapids). The Judges are elected to 6 year terms with the Chief Justice appointed by the Michigan Supreme Court to a 2 year term. There are 57 circuit court districts in Michigan, with one State of Michigan Circuit Court in each district. The circuit court handles all civil cases with claims of more than $25,000 and all felony criminal cases in which jail time exceeds 1 year. In each district there are also numerous limited jurisdiction courts such as Michigan District Courts which handles traffic matters, criminal cases in which the punishment is less than a year in jail, and civil cases for between $3000 and $25,000 in damages is sought. Michigan Small Claims Courts in which civil cases of $3,000 or less are heard. Michigan Probate Courts which handle wills, estates and guardianships cases and also has divisions for Michigan Family Court which handle cases such as paternity, adoption, personal protection orders, delinquency, divorce and Michigan Friend of Court which hears parenting time, custody, and child support issues. The Michigan Court of Claims hears lawsuits for more than $1,000 against the State of Michigan. In conclusion, the State of Michigan is similar to the United States Court system in that both have a 3 tiered system, but the State of Michigan seem much more divided in the trial court tier. Michigan has divided the circuit court jurisdiction into many different limited jurisdiction courts specializing in certain area of law or certain limits for damages or jail terms. If a case is a Constitutional question or where the plaintiff and defendants reside in different states, or one party is a foreign entity or the resident of a foreign country and the damages sought exceed $75,000, it may qualify to be filed in the Federal Court system. While certain cases may qualify to be heard in either state or federal court, careful consideration must be made as to which court system might be the best place for an individual case. The intentions of our Federal and State Court systems is to work as one unit made up of different courts, each performing its own role to achieve justice for everyone.

Psychological impact of cultures

Different cultures affect differently the behavior of society regarding how people relate with each other. In a society, comprising of mixed culture some people may find it hard accommodating others while for some they blend with others easily. A society made of mixed cultures is hard to fit in for some people. People who live in a community that is made of different cultures are called culturally diverse.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Psychological impact of cultures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They may be foreigners or from the same country but having different identities in their beliefs and ways of doing things. The experiences of an individual living in a society with different cultures affect his or psychological behavior such as sexism. Sexual behavior at work place also varies during instances of sexual advancements, which is another level where experiences of a culturally diverse individual can e xhibit. Manifestation of cultural experiences can also be felt in issues to do with securing a job when decisions about remuneration are to be discussed and some members feel they are underpaid. By discussing these areas, one can have a better understanding on how they affect a culturally diverse person on his psychological development, behavior trend and distress. Sexism Sexism means perception of human beings based on sex on other people especially during decision-making processes. For instance, in placements involving professional responsibilities culturally diverse people base their opinions about one’s ability on sex, which is a form of discrimination (Douglas, 2010). Sexism affects negatively psychological advancement of culturally diverse individuals because they experience special challenges adapting in a new culture while still conserving their own. Culturally diverse people go through psychological impacts that make them feel inferior and think others are superior b ecause they dominate in terms of cultural values. Student who are studying abroad or immigrants are the mostly affected (Douglas, 2010). When a person finds it hard to accommodate new culture, he or she responds through distress. The person becomes frustrated psychologically and this manifests through distress.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People in a culture that differs a lot from their own are unable to decide which culture to take and which one to abandon. It becomes hard to follow a culture they have not experienced since their early age. However, if the culturally diverse individual opts to follow the foreign culture he or she may behave differently and against the norms of the new culture. This may cause the individual to react in ways that conflict expectations of other people especially if many people in the society interact with him or her. How such a person behaves var ies according to the extent of cultural conflicts where the behavior is a natural way of getting rid of the conflicts (Berg, 2009). A foreigner might therefore accept the new culture to feel accepted in the society. Culturally diverse people experience identity crisis if they are not certain of their identity. When such people are strongly embedded in their culture, they take a lot of time to accommodate the new culture. Identity crisis mostly affects young culturally diverse people where they experience psychological problems in their developments. Sexism is a key determinant of personal perception for people who live in a foreign culture and affects their insight about their roles in the community. It can also determine one’s view and response to his or her new roles in a community. When culturally diverse individuals feel their roles are better defined in their own culture than in the new society they behave in ways that oppose the difference. They treat others according t o the roles that they are already accustomed. However, continued exposure to the new culture changes their behavior. The concept of sexism may be at low levels in individuals such that they do not realize. Culturally diverse people then transfer the hidden sexism traits to the new values (Berg, 2009). Sexual harassment Sexual harassment occurs when a person seeks sexual attention from another person who is not ready to give the attention. Depending on the level of harassment, an individual may find it hard to continue with employment. Cases of sexual harassment are usually unreported and thus hard to cope with for culturally diverse individuals. The feeling of being powerless for a person in a new culture makes the act to progress and advance to higher levels. Sexual harassment may create a situation where a person in a new culture feels unable to cope because of threats issued and fear of report to the relevant authority.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Psyc hological impact of cultures specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most cases of sexual harassment occur to minority groups. Such people are usually not informed about their rights or how to seek redress when they are harassed sexually (Hajdin LeMoncheck, 1997). Some issues about sexual attention might be acceptable in some societies while in others they are regarded as harassment. What might be considered as sexual jokes in a certain community might be regarded as sexual advancements where a culturally diverse person might feel offended and even take action. Culturally diverse individuals may misunderstand some actions, which are not sexual jokes and interpret them as sexual harassment. Culturally diverse individuals may also be misinterpreted to be harassing others sexually when they behave in certain ways, as every culture is unique. These differences lead to poor communication between individuals with different cultural backgrounds. T herefore, it is important for people to be aware of what others expect regardless of their cultural differences to avoid unnecessary pressure when one seeks employment, promotion or education. Misunderstanding leads to tension and embarrassment (Stockdale, 1996). Despite cultural differences, diverse individuals need to understand what may be misinterpreted as sexual harassment because lack of understanding might lead to people harassing others out of ignorance and later being accused. This requires communities to be enlightened about cultural differences to equip them with various approaches accepted at organizations, institutions, work places and behaviors that are not acceptable while interacting with various people. Sexual harassment can be eliminated in the society through implementation of adequate penalties to protect the victims. Lack of laws to suppress sexual harassment may lead to high prevalence of the behavior in institutions where cultural diversity is high. Organizati ons should also develop mechanisms to inform employees about cultural diversity and sexual harassment as well as create a common practice for everyone, which is known as code of ethics.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Society should solve the problem of sexual harassment through awareness to facilitate common behaviors by specifying what is legal and illegal irrespective of one’s cultural background (Hajdin LeMoncheck, 1997). Unequal pay Unequal pay refers to lack of a uniform scale for wages and salaries for employees doing same responsibilities in an organization. This is illegal but some employers pay their employees using different salary scales and justify the act using excuses. The employees who are paid less for the same tasks done by others are affected psychologically and the situation is worse if they know about the differences. When employees are discriminated in terms of pay, they suffer from low esteem and feel less valued. An employee who has low esteem may be disillusioned and dissatisfied with his or her job (Burchell, Horrell Rubery, 2007). Discriminated employees lack the morale needed at work place because they know that even when they work extra they are not rewarded enough. Such people feel they are not part of the majority culture and are likely to cooperate less in strategies meant for the growth of the organization. In the past, discrimination based on pay has been prevalent between genders because of sexism in organizations. The concept of unequal pay is even worse when it affects employees who are sexually harassed at work place because they may welcome the behavior hoping they would be rewarded financially to compensate for their low pay. Some organizations do not have established boundaries for employees at different levels, which perpetuate unequal pay. In such cases, discriminated employees are not informed about the unequal pay and when they realize it, lack mechanisms to address the problem properly (Burchell, Horrell Rubery, 2007). Most societies do not regard the rights of the culturally diverse people with importance, which makes the group live with injustices in their places of work as most of such employees form the minority gr oup in the society. They prefer fitting in the new systems to avoid interrupting them and console themselves that even though their pay is less it is still higher than they would be paid where they come from. Culturally diverse individuals may be aware of their low payment but continue working extra hard to achieve same results as their workmates, which is stressing. The experience of being paid less than expected can lead to distress and negative attitude towards job as well as the organization. The consequence of such feelings is change in behavior for the affected employees leading to poor performance and less output in the organization (Burchell, Horrell Rubery, 2007). Culturally diverse individuals find it hard to embrace values in a corporate culture because they have to adapt to the new culture and familiarize with values outside the organization. Corporate culture may borrow a lot from the culture that dominates, which is advantageous to the employees who come from the domi nant culture. Culturally diverse individuals who are paid less do not have many expectations in such cases. This trend can be passed on to future generations in the category of culturally diverse individuals. In organizations where sexism is prevalent, women might develop less expectation for many years (Burchell, Horrell Rubery, 2007). The many challenges that culturally diverse individuals experience affect their behavioral development and awareness about their ability in a community. Analysis of culturally diverse people can help address issues of identity crisis, self-perception and distress that face them when they have to live in a new environment. It is hard for such groups to learn new values in a new culture because they are strongly embedded in their own culture. However, there are many advantages for culturally diverse individuals trying to adapt in a new culture if they feel free to interact with people from the dominant culture and have the knowledge in socializing wit h them. The experiences such people go through can help them adapt fast or slowly based on other elements like time and social structure in the new environment. It is possible to develop a cohesive society if culturally diverse individuals learn how to relate with people from other cultures. References Berg, B. (2009). Sexism in America: Alive, well, and ruining our future. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books. Burchell, B., Horrell, S. Rubery, J. (2007). Unequal jobs or unequal pay. Industrial Relations Journal, 20(3), 176–191. Douglas, S. (2010). Enlightened sexism: The seductive message that feminism’s work is done. New York: Times Books, Henry Holt and Company. Hajdin, M., LeMoncheck, L. (1997). Sexual harassment. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Stockdale, M. (1996). Sexual harassment in the workplace. Thousand Oakes: Sage Publications. This report on Psychological impact of cultures was written and submitted by user Jerome Gamble to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

God Bless America by Faith Ringgold essays

God Bless America by Faith Ringgold essays Faith Ringgolds "God Bless America" is an expression of the emotional and physical torment of black Americans prior to and during the Civil Rights Movement. This piece of art movement had a lot of cultural ties to the population during the 1960s that also can be applied today in the year 2001. Through the description of medium, subject matter, form, and style I will relate this piece of history and the signfigance of what this composition means to me today. Faith Ringgold composed this piece by using oil paints on a 31 by 19 inch canvas. It is depicting the struggles that her community and herself were facing while trying to gain equal rights from the majority of white American culture. She uses line, shape, color, value and texture to depict the points shes trying to make. She uses mostly outline in an expressive quality to depict the extremity of the situtation. The most promindint shapes she uses is rectangles. The strips are long rectangles and even her face has a very square feeling to it. The only colors she uses are red, blue, black and white. All of these colors are in a low key, which are very bright and draw your attention equally. All of the principles of design are indicative in this painting. Unity and balance are achieved through her use if red and blue together and black and white. The positioning of the strips/cell bars gives the painting rhythm. The focal point of this painting is the womens face, particularly her eyes that have a heavy black outline. The entire composition is done to scale and is proportionate. God Bless America is done in a representational style. It is a stylized representation of real life that it still recognizable to the average person. Ringgold has done numerous paintings that depict the struggle of the black community during and prior to the 1960s. Her other artworks include titles such as, The Flag is Bleeding following the theme of the blac...

The Gift of the Magi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Gift of the Magi - Essay Example In the story, O. Henry uses a detailed, humorous, and well-meaning tone. The writer uses a detailed tone for the story by showing the Della’s, the main character, emotion, action, and her environment in detail. The author describes in-depth how Della worries about what to buy for her husband Jim’s at Christmas. The story describes Della’s emotion when he writes: â€Å"There was clearly nothing to do but to flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So, Della did it. This instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating† (O. Henry 164). Della’s actions and emotions are explained in detail from the following passage. â€Å"After Della cut her hair, she got her curling irons, lit the gas, and went to work, repairing the ravages made by generosity. This is always a tremendous task, dear friends, a mammoth taskâ€Å"(O. Henry 166). A humorous tone is shown when the author explains about the main characters. This is evidenced in the story when Della says to herself, â€Å"If Jim does not kill me,† he will take a second look at me and say that I look like a Coney Island chorus girl. But, what could I do? Oh! What could I do with a dollar and eighty seven cents?† (O. Henry 166). ... Henry 166). The two main characters in â€Å"The Gift of the MAGI† are Della Young and James Dillingham Young. Della Young is a positive and honest person because she sells her long beautiful long hair in order to buy a gift for her husband at Christmas. This is shown in the following passage: â€Å"pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one’s cheek burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied† (O. Henry 164). In the story, it is shown that Della is an honest person. James Dillingham Young is Della’s husband. He looks thin and very serious. He appears tired because of the burden of taking care of his family. As such, he needs a new overcoat and gloves (O. Henry 166). Also, he sells his gold watch, which was his grandfather’s, in order to buy a Christmas gift for his wife. â€Å"The Gift of the MAGI† addresses the true love between two people, e ven though they are very poor. The story states that â€Å"Della and Jim live at home. He is paid eight dollars per week. As such, they are poor. However, they love and cherish each other very much† (O. Henry 164). Also, the writer conveys a theme within the characters through evidence. Della and Jim think about what gift to buy for each other for Christmas. Della’s response is to â€Å"cut her hair, which ripples and shines like a cascade of brown water because she wants to buy a gift for Jim† (O. Henry 165). Also, â€Å"Jim wants sell his watch because he wants to give Della a luxury comb. Della especially liked the ones in a Broadway window. Beautiful combs are like pure tortoise shells with jeweled rims. The shade can be worn in beautiful varnished hair† (O. Henry

Enthnography Paper on The Quarry and the Lot Essay

Enthnography Paper on The Quarry and the Lot - Essay Example It also tries to find answers to how Joseph Klein, once a bright, smart boy, became so unfortunate in life and eventually passed away at a very young age. This essay attempts to critically assess the subcultures in the Mark Wallace’s book and explicate on how it is difficult for someone from a different subculture to easily blend in. the fundamental question in this book is why Joseph was so different from the other four friends he had grown up with in a similar environment. How do we compare him to other dangerous, violent and ruthless boys from other subcultures and environments? How do we define grief when people were not able to cope with the deceased whist he was alive? Discussion How does a kid as bright and smart as Joseph Klein turn and become a violent, angry, destructive and a ruthless teenager who disregards authority? This is the question that troubles all the four friends in their interactions as they grew up and in their adulthood. This question does not only tro uble the friends, but their parents too and the entire neighborhood. This is evident during Joseph funeral at the Quarry. There is a very big irony at this instance. Why are all these people attending Joseph’s funeral and yet they never regarded him as a friend but an enemy? This beats logic. Are they pretending to be in grief due to the sudden and mysterious death of Joseph? Or are they are truly in grief? Everyone present at this funeral literary had no clue as to what they were doing there (Wallace 11). Joseph grew up from a very humble family whose previous generations produced academicians. Amelia, Luke and Nick, are all trying to ponder how Joseph turned out to be such a monster. What subculture was he prescribing too? When he became an adult, he pushed everyone away from his life, ruthlessly bullied all his friends. It is although very confusing when Wallace aims to establish the impact and role of Joseph Klein in the other friends lives. All these people grew up in th e same environment and were all defined by the same subculture. Luke turned out to be a teacher and a poet writer and Luke a furniture store owner. It is always assumed that society and its culture and doctrines shape people’s character and future behavior. It can be argued that past subcultures can influence behavior and character. What is happening is really changed by what we believe in and sometimes, things that look normal are actually frightening. This phenomenon might explain what happened to Klein Joseph. When people have lost touch and connection with the deceased, can they experience grief in its true form? The families and childhood friends of Joseph are sharing in grief of his departure. This seemingly looks quite surprising since most of the people at this funeral were never friends with the deceased and possibly do not know why they are there. This funeral is not a formal ceremony and thus no mourner(s) has attempted to pick the slack. They did not know how to e xpress how they felt. These people supposedly hated and disliked Joseph for what he did to them as a neighbor. Mark Wallace manages to depict the nature of American suburbs. They tend to encourage some sense of belonging to a certain community. The ironical solidarity that his friends and parents who did not like him at all are trying to show is an example of how the suburbs are (Wallace 41). Did Joseph Klein in any way

Plagiarism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Plagiarism - Research Paper Example Many academic writers consider is acceptable, but in fact this constitutes plagiarism. Compilation is a practice of compiling various chunks of information from a variety of sources to meet the requirements of the paper that is being written. Even if very little information is taken in this way from other sources, it still constitutes plagiarism. Direct quotation – when exact or near-exact words of another author are used in an academic work; the practice is known as direct quotation. Although rarely used in engineering, a direct quotation is often enclosed in inverted commas while being italicized. Plagiarism may be intentional or unintentional. Unintentional plagiarism may be the result of a referencing error like attributing a work to an unrelated author, misquoting or failing to mention the work of an author in the document. Intentional plagiarism on the other hand may be ignorant or malicious. Learning and improving the writing skills while adopting good time management techniques may assist in avoiding plagiarism. Academic writing involves a higher level of dedication on part of the writer to produce a work that is academically acceptable. Having a sound knowledge of the referencing allows a writer to avoid plagiarism which is an unforgivable sin, in the world of academic works. For this reason, every student should have the basic understanding about referencing and plagiarism. This will enable the student to produce effective academic content that will ultimately improve his

Essay --

The tensions that would ultimately produce the 2013 shutdown began to take shape after Republicans, strengthened by the emergence of the Tea Party, won back a majority of the seats in the House of Representatives from the Democrats in 2010.[19][20][21][22] Even at that time, some conservative activists and Tea Party-affiliated politicians were already calling on congressional Republicans to be willing to shut down the government in order to force congressional Democrats and the President to agree to deep cuts in spending and to repeal the Affordable Care Act, which had been signed into law only a few months earlier. Former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, a Republican who had presided over Congress during the last government shutdowns 15 years earlier, said in April 2010 that if Republicans won back control of Congress in the 2010 election, they should remove any funding for the Affordable Care Act in any appropriations bills they passed. Gingrich said Republicans needed to "be re ady to stand on principle" and should refuse to fund the new healthcare law even if their refusal would result in a shutdown of the government.[23] As the November 2010 congressional elections drew near, Rep. Lynn Westmoreland, a Republican from Georgia, said that if the Republicans won a majority of seats in the House, they would pass appropriation bills that the President would veto, leading to a government shutdown. Westmoreland told supporters: "We have put Band-Aids on some things that need to be cleaned out. That is going to take some pain. There's going to have to be some pain for us to do some things that we've got to do to right the ship."[24][25] Sen. Mike Lee of Utah, then running for office as the Republican Party's nominee, said that altho... ... and to curtailing the Environmental Protection Agency's authority to enforce the Clean Air Act and carbon dioxide emissions.[29][31] House Republicans gave Speaker John Boehner an ovation when he informed them that he was advising the House Administration Committee to begin preparations for a possible shutdown.[32] A budget deal was agreed to less than two hours before a shutdown would have begun.[33] Several similar funding crises resulting from disagreements over budgetary policy ensued in the following three years, with shutdowns being narrowly averted by last-minute deals each time.[34][35][36][37][38] Congressional Republicans remained committed to eliminating or undermining the Affordable Care Act, taking more than 40 largely symbolic votes passing bills to repeal or defund the act which the Democratic-controlled Senate rejected or refused to consider.[39][40]

Research and Account Essay

Two carers were moving a service user from a bed to a chair using a hoist. they placed the hoist sling underneath the service user and then attached it to the hoist. Whilst the hoist was stationary one carer turned away to pick up the service users slippers and as a result the service user fell forward to the ground. The service user suffered wounds on their scalp and bruising to their head. The service user was taken to hospital but passed away 10 days later. It was found that the sling loop fixings were wrongly adjusted and a safety pommel was not used. In this report the carers were lacking in training and guidance to use the hoist from the company they worked for. One carer was not focused on the task of the service user being in hoist as she took on another task to get the slippers which meant she wasn’t aware of what the service user was doing. If the correct equipment was used and adjusted properly then that would have prevented the fall and death of this service user. When assisting a service user with a task whether it be small or large we always need to carry out the task using the correct equipment, and the correct members of staff to be present. Also our full attention should be on the task at all times and aware of what the service user is doing and what is happening around them. if not doing so then this could result in the service user falling or being injured and equipment could be damaged. Carers should always carry out a visual check of the equipment prior to using and if a problem arises should not be used and reported to the relevant person. Report 2 Michael Shorthouse suffered from Down’s Syndrome, learning difficulties and dementia. He moved into Cedars Care Home in May 2007 but, despite he’s families pleas over he’s treatment, within five months his health had deteriorated so much he had to be admitted to hospital. Whilst in hospital doctors found that he was seriously dehydrated, had developed acute kidney problems and pressure sores, and had aspiration pneumonia, which is an inflammation of the lungs caused by breathing in foreign material like food or liquids. Michael Shorthouse’s condition improved once he had been transferred to hospital and then moved into a different nursing home, but later died in 2010. Cedars Care Home was reported to Social Services and the Safeguarding Adults Office (SAO) which investigated and found that there had been overall neglect in the care given to Michael. Two years after Michael was admitted to hospital, the care home hadn’t improved and was given a zero- star rating in a Care Quality Commission inspection.

Crabb Theory Critique - 1057 Words

Crabb and Hawkins Theory Critique Sherrie Miller Liberty University COUN 507 201220 B03 January 29, 2012 Dr. Timothy Heck January 29, 2012 Introduction/Summary The integrative Christian perspective of Lawrence Crabb in his book, Effective Biblical Counseling is enlightening on the simplest level. The overall presentation and concept creates much introspection of motives, which threaten ones biblical thinking and behavior patterns that create relationship and personal problems. There are many strengths and positive points to adopting this counseling style the most prevalent being the focus on restoring others to God through correcting the assumptions which have been tainted by living in a sinful world as sinful people, back†¦show more content†¦Personal Reflection and Application As I read this text by Dr. Crabb, I was very challenged in my deficit motivations in which I have been functioning under since my divorce. My fear of rejection causes me to allow others to treat me negatively way beyond that which is healthy. I realized that my motive for leaving my spouse was biblical in that I believed then and now that it was the onl y way to help point him toward true repentance and wholeness in Christ. I was challenged to face my patterns of attempting to find happiness, soothing of self, rather then joy, godly contentment in the midst of trial (NIV, James 1:2-8). Although due to the spiritual abuse my spouse had imparted on me created a fear in me to trust my faith or my ability to understand God’s will for me an area that would be defined as a new motivation deficit under Dr. Crabb’s theory. I believe I would need to process and redefine everything that happened rather then just claimed as a deficit to untangle it from the truth faith I have, which consequently led me to seek the counsel of a church counselor this week. I see the value in an integrated approach, which I value. I agree with him that it is important to check the psychological approach/theory against scripture to be sure they agree. I believe God has created all of us unique physiologically and set each of us into unique patterns of life to leadShow MoreRelatedEssay on Theory Critique: Crabb and Hawkins1241 Words   |  5 PagesTheory Critique: Crabb and Hawkins Liberty University Summary of the Content Both authors express many overlapping elements of revealed truth in regard to the process of counseling and the problems that are derived in the life of clients and people suffering from disorders and psychologically unhealthy mindsets. Hawkins utilizes a theory of 5 concentric circles defining the human psyche and physiology. Hawkins goes on to relay his theory of counseling that utilizes 4 phases in which the counselorRead MoreTheory Critique of Crabb and Hawkins Essay826 Words   |  4 PagesTheory Critique of Crabb and Hawkins Jeremy Poling Liberty University Integration Dr. Crabb suggests that there are four viewpoints to integrating spirituality and psychology. The first being â€Å"Separate but Equal† This viewpoint ascertains that psychology and spirituality do not mix any more than if a person needs a filling for a cavity or the excising of their wisdom teeth, they do not peruse the scripture for direction the person goes to a dentist. This view is not solid for its veryRead MoreChristian Counseling and Secular Psychology 1320 Words   |  6 PagesTheory Critique In our fast passed and ever changing society, personal experiences built up over time and often make life difficult to deal with over time. Everyone has their own prospective on what is important and how they will tackle various problems they face from day to day. It is the responses to our harsh environment and experiences that can often manifest into feelings such as: anxiety, resentment and possibly guilt (Crabb, 1977). It is those that have negative experiences in life thatRead MoreComparing Adams with Backus and Chapian1451 Words   |  6 PagesTheory Comparisons 1 Comparing and Contrasting Crabb’s Effective Biblical Counseling with Hawkins Model For Guiding The Counseling Process Craig L. Rich Counseling 507 Dr. Evans Liberty University August 27, 2012 Comparing Theories 2 In this paper, I will discussing Crabb’s Effective Biblical Counseling (1977) and the Hawkins Model for GuidingRead MoreIn this compare and contrast paper I will highlight the differences and commonalities1167 Words   |  5 Pages In this compare and contrast paper I will highlight the differences and commonalities between Larry Crabb’s biblical model of counseling, theories, and techniques of Rodgerian theory called Rodgers’ Client-Centered Therapy (RCCT), Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). All of these theories are a form of psychotherapy. Couselors today use techniques such as pharmacological intervention and cognitive and behavioral therapy. They are notRead MoreCritique of Crabb Hawkins738 Words   |  3 PagesA Critique of Two Theories Betty Finney Liberty University COUN 507 Summary Dr. Crabb ‘s model integrates theology and psychology and refers to it as, â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians (Crabb, 1977). His approach geared more to sound biblical principles and doctrine. I researched â€Å"Spoiling the Egyptians†, as to, I was curious about the scripture base. Spoiling the Egyptians refers to Exodus 12:40-42, as God watched over the Israelites as they went through the wildernessRead MoreTheory Critique1539 Words   |  7 PagesA Critique of Two Theoretical Models: Crabb and Hawkins Amy E. Yesalavich Liberty University COUN 507-B09 Dr. Alan Cheney May 27, 2012 Summary Psychology has been primarily viewed as a methodical system that seeks empirical evidence to explain nature, while theology is often viewed as reasoning based on man’s eternal destiny as discussed in biblical teachings. Falsities are held within both of these historical beliefs. PsychologyRead MoreEssay about Contrast Effective Biblical Counseling Concepts1412 Words   |  6 Pagespeople to living a life that is full of spiritual richness and maturity. Yet, secular therapist focuses on self-gratification and self-actualization. As Christian ministry helpers, you must be living by the truth and exemplify a Christ-centered life. Crabb (1977) developed a counseling model that teaches us how to develop individualized life maps that will guide people to spiritual growth, maturity, and a long-lived Christ-centered life. It is essential as Christian counselor’s we are able to bringRead MoreBiblical and Secular Models of Counseling1841 Words   |  8 Pageslicensed c ounselor. There are many different theories, strategies and methods to choose from when developing the foundation of your models, but all must adhere to the ethical standard of behavior set forth by the American Counseling Association. The best way to establish a model of counseling is to compare and contrast several different counseling practices and carefully evaluate their individual methods, goals, premises, strategies and theories. Larry Crabb ‘s perspective on the goal of Christian counselingRead MoreChristian /Counseling2553 Words   |  11 Pagesthat Dr. Crabb is very intriguing a very intellectual writer and has a way of convincing the reader with his philosophies. I will discuss the four perspectives: Goal of Christian Counseling, Basic Concepts, Basic Strategy, and Developing a Counseling Program in the local Church as recorded in Effective Biblical Counseling. Then will Compare and Contrast the assigned articles listed in the course. Goal of Christian Counseling Dr. Crabb, stated,

Should We Use A.D. or C.E.

The controversy over whether to use AD and BC (or A.D. and B.C.) or CE and BCE (C.E., B.C.E.) when referring to dates burns less brightly today than it did in the late 1990s when the divide was fresh. With some rather heated debate, authors, pundits, scholars, and literary style masters took one side over the other. Decades later, they remain split, but the consensus seems to be that the decision to use one or the other is a personal or organizational preference.  The same applies to the use of periods: use or dont use them, based on personal or organizational preference. The material controversy surrounded the implied religious connotations: CE and BCE are often used  by those of faiths and backgrounds who dont worship Jesus, or in contexts where it makes no sense to refer to Christianity—such as in historical research. AD and CE: The Birth of Jesus AD,  the abbreviation for the Latin Anno Domini and first used  in the 16th century, means in the year of Our Lord, referring to the founder of Christianity, Jesus of Nazareth. CE stands for Common Era or, rarely Christian Era. The word common simply means that it is based on the most frequently used calendar system, the Gregorian Calendar. Both take as their starting point the year when 4th-century Christian scholars believed Jesus Christ was born, designated as AD 1 or 1 CE. By the same token, BCE  stands for Before the Common Era,  (or Christian Era) and BC  means Before Christ.  Both measure the number of years before the approximate birthday of Jesus. The designation of a particular year in either set has identical values. In other words, today Jesus is believed to have been born somewhere between 4 and 7 BCE, which is equivalent to 4 and 7 BC. In usage, AD precedes the date, while CE follows the date, whereas both BC and BCE follow the date—so, AD 1492 but 1492 CE, and 1500 BC or 1500 BCE. William Safire at the Dawn of the Controversy At the height of the controversy in the late 1990s, American journalist William Safire (1929–2009), a longtime  writer for the On Language column in The  New York Times Magazine, polled his readers about their preference:  Should it be B.C./A.D. or B.C.E/C.E., in deference to Muslims, Jews and other non-Christians? Disagreement was sharp, he said. American Yale  professor and literary critic Harold Bloom  (born 1930) said: Every scholar I know uses B.C.E. and shuns A.D. American lawyer and founder of Kol HaNeshamah: The Center for Jewish Life and Enrichment Adena K. Berkowitz, who, in her application to practice before the Supreme Court was asked if she preferred in the year of Our Lord on the certificates date, chose to omit it. Given the multicultural society that we live in, the traditional Jewish designations—B.C.E. and C.E.—cast a wider net of inclusion, if I may be so politically correct, she told Safire. By nearly 2 to 1, other scholars and some members of the clergy who responded to Safire agreed with Bloom and Berkowitz. As to everyday citizens, opinions were sharply divided. David Steinberg of Alexandria, Virginia, said he found  BCE a strained innovation requiring an explanation in most of America.  Khosrow Foroughi of Cranbury, New Jersey, spoke of calendars:  Jews and Muslims have their own calendars. Muslims have a lunar calendar reckoned from A.D. 622, the day after the Hegira, or flight of the Prophet Mohammed from Mecca to Medina. The Jewish calendar is also a lunar one and is the official calendar of the State of Israel...The Christian or Gregorian calendar has become the second calendar in most non-Christian countries, and as this is the Christian calendar, I cannot see why before Christ and in the year of Our Lord would be objectionable. On the contrary, said John Esposito of Georgetown, a leading student of Islam: Before the Common Era is always more acceptable. Safire himself decided to stick with BC; because Christ, in American usage, refers directly to Jesus of Nazareth as if it were his last name and not a title conferring Messiah-hood, but he chose to not use A.D. Dropping any notation at all for years in the common era, Safire said: Dominus means lord, and when the lord referred to is Jesus, not God, a religious statement is made. Thus, the year of Our Lord invites the query Whose lord? and were in an argument we dont need. Style Guides on Religious Neutrality The choice may be up to you and your style guide. The 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style (published in 2017) suggests that the choice is up to the writer and should be flagged only if the customs of a specific field or community are being violated: Many authors use BC and AD because they are familiar and conventionally understood. Those who want to avoid reference to Christianity are free to do so. In terms of secular journalism, the 2019 version of the Associated Press Stylebook uses B.C. and A.D. (using the periods); as does the fourth edition of the UPI Style Guide, published in 2004. The use of BC and BCE is commonly found in articles concerning academic and lay historical research—including ThoughtCo.com—but not exclusively. Despite rumors to the contrary, the entire BBC has not dropped the use of AD/BC, but its Religion Ethics department, which prides itself on providing religion-neutral stories, has:   As the BBC is committed to impartiality, it is appropriate that we use terms that do not offend or alienate non-Christians. In line with modern practice, B.C.E./C.E. (Before Common Era/Common Era) are used as a religiously neutral alternative to B.C./A.D. -Edited by Carly Silver Sources Curtis, Polly. Reality check: has the BBC dropped the terms BC/AD? The Guardian, September 26, 2011.  Ã‚  Hastings, Chris. BBC turns its back on year of Our Lord: 2,000 years of Christianity jettisoned for politically correct Common Era. Daily Mail, September 24, 2011.  9.34: Eras. Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition. University of Chicago Press, 2017.  UPI Stylebook Guide To Newswriting, 4th edition. UPI, 2004.  Safire, William. B.C./A.D. or B.C.E./C.E.? The New York Times, August 17, 1997.  The Associated Press Stylebook 2019: and Briefing on Media Law. Associated Press, 2019.

Childhood Abuse A Child s Intellectual Growth And The...

Introduction Early child abuse poses threats on a child’s intellectual growth and the potential of developing psychiatric disorders such as eating disorders later on within adolescent stages. Eating disorders affect up to 24 million Americans and 70 million people worldwide. 1 in 5 women struggle with an eating disorder or disordered eating. It is estimated that 90% of those who have eating disorders are women between the ages of 12 and 25. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible associations between early childhood abuse which includes, physical, emotional, sexual, verbal and psychological abuse and it’s association within adolescents who suffer from various†¦show more content†¦All 12 articles that will be further discussed are all peer reviewed and pertain closely to the topic of childhood abuse and eating disorders. In a research study conducted by Neumark-Sztainer , Mary Story, Peter J. Hanna, Trish Beuring and Michael D. Resnick ( 1999), It was noted that questions pertained to first, whether or not individuals who experienced abuse are at higher risk for disordered eating than others who have not experienced abuse and if so, whether the increased risk was due to the experienced abuse or to the overall disturbances in family dynamics and second, the level of risk in developing a disordered eating that other types of abuse may have among adolescents (Neumark- Sztainer et al., 1999) The study population included a representative sample of 9,943 Connecticut public school students in grades 7, 9, 11 who participated in a state-wide anonymous survey of adolescent health from 1995-1996. It was a 225-item comprehensive assessment of adolescent health, health behaviours, and associated risk and protective factors. After data collection, the analysis of the data was done separately for boys and girls. Sexual abuse was strongly associated with disordered eating among both girls and boys. More Boys than girls who experienced sexual abuse reported disordered eating. Physical abuse was also strongly associated with disordered eating

Oral History Documentaries Free Essays

string(44) " people into the modern society \(Shipek\)\." Oral History Documentaries are Human Traditions, how man live and what he believes. In essence it transcribes what is in man, his dignity as a human person and his continues search of himself. These human traditions are written in autobiographies or in memories or diaries and journals. We will write a custom essay sample on Oral History Documentaries or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes re-echoed in ideologies (patterns of our beliefs and practices in a human society) by our memories. As Marcovici sited that our remembrance (memory as part of ideology that has a power in relation to what society we reproduce) prevails our deduction of the past over the present. In the acts of meanings it includes all experiences in a world of meanings, images, social bonds, what man would like to become and what he is afraid to become. It is important that we understand the past so we could act on moral choices about our present. Oral history is also all our personal histories into a larger collective histories. With the abounding technologies found in the internet, oral history finds in a new form in digital story telling. Facts in which have been encoded in the most ordinary and common places. Oral histories bring to our sense of the present of man’s dominion over greed and forces of nature: Below is what oral histories bring to our sense of our present world in terms of man dominion over greed in the documentaries At the River I Stand. It tells about a dramatic climax of the Civil Rights movement, a local labor dispute that became a national issue and the reason behind the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at Memphis in 1968. â€Å"I am a man† is more than an ideology it is a fact and a simple but venerable truth. And because I am a man, a rational creature, I cannot be taken as a second class citizen. The 1,300 African American sanitation exploited workers (works to collect garbage) demands for a full exclusion in American life. AFSCME leadership march a 65 day strike. This excellent film is a 58 minute documentary which will inspire the viewers to free themselves of any racial and economic injustice. Just by observing the profound determination of this ordinary people as formed by a racist society as the lowest caste of human beings (David Appleby) one would be able to understand the simple basic need of man which is respect despite the world of greed. This oral history also inspired James Cleveland in his unforgettable quotes â€Å"one more river to cross before I lay my burden down†. This memory happens in Memphis in the most ordinary places and days. The commonplace called street but coincided with the action that hoped to rebuke the future of economic injustice because of the greediness of few due to prejudices and racism. The person who seems to be frivolous and trivial marked their way to civil rights movement, as they raise their placards with these simple words â€Å"I am a man†. A word that is in the past but is still as true as the present and contains the hopes for the future. As simple as what a jazz musician R. Roland Kirk that every time he plays his saxophone in a concert he always began by saying that this is not just a sideshow (it is more than that). His music should penetrate into his white American audience and in his tune deliberately re-echoes the inequality of men due to racial discrimination, an injustice and inequities that still plaques our society. (Basso) History in American Age of Popular Culture makes us understand the past so we could ponder the moral issues about the or rather our choices in the present. It is one way of collecting our personal histories into a larger collective history. History takes place in a certain location because a place is the first of all existence. One cannot exist without a place. However there are places that stink with stinginess and greed. Wisdom in places is a common place but it is where history takes a place in the realm of this world. According to the autobiography of Delfina Cuero an Indian who had lived in Mission Viejo since her childhood years that Indians had to move from place to place to hunt or when the white men comes. In her narrative with the places and plants and things that they ate probed the authenticity of her claim that they were the first settlers in San Diego, California. Though the mountains were cut and the old trees where they built their houses with â€Å"tamu† a kind of reed, she could still recall the places and events that had taken place. Her vivid memory made it easy for the author Florence Connoly Shipek to write her life story. In the introduction the author made in known that the work is to research for the Mission Indian Claims. However, none in the reservation villages can be found a single surviving coastal Indians. The threefold division of the first settlers makes it difficult to locate search. Upon hearing Delfina’s story it was discovered that in 1900 to 1910 Dieggueà ±os (Spanish term for Kumeya’y people) Indians (means those who are attached to the San Diego Mission) had lived in Mission Valley and in various places around San Diego wherein it is now called 13th and 17th around K Street. The anthropological study is to find out the authenticity of the life of Delfina of which the later was able to prove without hesitation and malice. As the story goes we learned that they are poor, most of the time hungry but cheerful catholic people. Despite of the lack of written record the study paved its way through the way the Indians lived during those years. The narrative life of Delfina shows the destruction of Indian self sufficiency on the land, the lost of the Indian society, culture and religion. It also narrates the very slow pace of integration of this people into the modern society (Shipek). You read "Oral History Documentaries" in category "Papers" Delfina’s story will always be looked upon. The success of the work promises a good life for the Digueà ±os children or next the generation of these Indians to come. Oral histories bring to our sense of the present of man’s dominion over forces of nature: A documentary film by Spike Lee an African American director – When the Levees Broke: A requiem in Four Acts: Is a heart-rending story of those who survived the devastating ordeal of the destruction of New Orleans. The film also looks at a city that has triumphed over its ordeal because of the resilience of its community, surviving death and amidst the ruins they find strength. A sign of the New Orleaneans rich cultural legacy. The spirit of new Orleaneans says Lee is indomitable – these people are accustomed to hardships, they are fighting for their lives. Again man was put to test: Man as always have dominion over the forces of nature. They will never disappear in this planet. Oral history from different interview cleared out that the reason why the city is 80 percent underwater is not because of the hurricane Katrina but it was the breach on the embankment of the river. Lee also mentioned the U. S. government sluggish response to the problem of the poor African American citizen. His identity again in his sense of place re-echoed inequality among men. His resilience was deeply rooted on earth and in his consciousness that it is his instinct to survive no matter what. Man therefore is still the master of the created world. Lee incorporates in his film a musical culture that is only driven by pure passion and honesty. Their identity has persisted. Their voices and songs are strong and firm. The heart of the marvelous film is centered on the president of the most powerful country indifference and oversight in relation to the destruction of New Orleans compared to catastrophic war in other countries. It explored the real attitude of the rich towards the poor of the world and the depth of its neglect. The film shows the damning picture of Bush’s America in relation to a state in calamity which is only skin deep concern. An act which shows indifference not to the race but to the socio economic state of a person. The film also portrays the lost culture of its people. The title of the film connotes the fact that it is not the hurricane that devastated New Orleans: a When the Levees Broke documentary re-affirms the cause of the catastrophe that happens to this American Africans, poor of the most powerful country of the world. It is not the hurricane that destroys New Orleans, But, the real cause was the breach of the embankment of the river. The most difficult part of the film making is asking people questions about the incidence because these are the same people who have lost a home or a love one. However, it is Lee’s job or duty to ask those difficult questions. A question that stirs up feelings and make people break down (Lee). Although the intention is to have people talk about how it can make changes in their own perspective about life. The outrage for the 45 million African-Americans of these Euopean journalists jumps on Lee as if he was the spokesperson of this neglected community which is being treated by the almighty U. S. A. as a third world country. It was the time that the film director of this story decided to do it. Never did the federal government neglected its own citizen who needed help. Lee even criticized when a horrific earthquake hits Indonesia, and in two days the US government was there. Asking the question did you see the distance between Indonesia and the New Orleans? Only one fourth of the population is there. The New Orleans black citizens were dispersed in other 46 states, they wish to come home and work but there got to be no place for them. These poor Americans loose their home to a seemingly a natural disaster. It is hoped that the oral history documentary will remind the U. S. that New Orleaneans is not over with the plight. They in fact need help. The film will also determine the pros and cons over what happened to New Orleans as a definitive moment to the history of America. It is hoped that the film will be and elegy for the lost culture of the inhabitants of New Orleans real state in relation to the calamity and may give an impressive importance of our new century (Fraser and ). A life story is an oral unit of social interaction (Linde). These are coming from interviews and can be written as autobiographies. A biography ends till the end of someone else life. A biographer looks for younger self and an ideological conversion after the passage of many years. He accounts for the difference of the subject and the writer and claim he have the whole stories. It also tells the importance of the subject. The 9/11 attacks on the WTO and Pentagon cancelled all major networks to provide continuous coverage of the event (Caughy). However, the news agenda was only on the subject that is asked to be focused. We are today in the digital knowledge, a capability of sending digitally coded information. Intranets were linked to cheap regulated public telephones that kept labor rates low. Net users acted to break down barriers which made it possible for the massive sharing of files like the World Wide Web. Community based nets provide access to the public to which many international and non-governments institutions links their networks. Digital Story telling has truly taken its ground in the Internet. Cyberactivism changes the course of history in a way it disseminate knowledge and stories. Conclusion and reflection of consequences of Digital Story Telling to Oral History Documentaries: Story telling is a very intimate gesture of intimacy, one listens and the other gives confidence to the recipient. Oral histories based on traditional documentaries are facts based on the actual experiences of man. The consequence of digital story telling to oral history is the easy access and immediate control of the written facts of the documents. If not properly controlled could lead readers and listeners into error. The sense of documentaries in our life is to use this knowledge as a tool in order to know where we lead. Past experiences is needed in order to open the gates of tomorrow and make the present a life worth living. Man’s constancy to change needs a journal of his life in order not to get lost. Loosing a culture is loosing oneself. The rich experience of human history is the sublime reality of his existence. Though oral history documentary is sown with facts, digital story telling though there is a relative cyber activism may lead truth to some manipulations which may cloud the truths and could give information which is only beneficial to a few. Man’s history always underlines who are the strong and the weak. Though both are man, the least becomes a lesser being in terms of his presence in a civil society. It is the mighty that continuous to flourish. In this world of indifference history reflects the downfall of the greedy as if someone, stronger than nature dictates the course of history for the whole humankind. In some way, our life story though we may have choices is or was predestined. How to cite Oral History Documentaries, Papers

Galileo Probe Essay Example For Students

Galileo Probe Essay After a six year journey through the solar system and being inexorably accelerated to a speed of 170,700 km/hour by Jupiters tremendous gravitational pull, the Galileo Probe successfully entered Jupiters atmosphere on 12/7/95. During the first two minutes of this most difficult atmospheric entry ever attempted, near-probe temperatures twice as hot as the Suns surface and deceleration forces as great as 230 times the acceleration of gravity at Earths surface were produced as the spacecraft was slowed down by Jupiters atmosphere. The Galileo Probe and Orbiter separated on July 13, 1995 and both arrived at Jupiter on slightly different trajectories. The Galileo Orbiter successfully became the first spacecraft to enter an orbit around Jupiter a few hours after the probes successful descent into the atmosphere. The Probe apparently entered a rather special location on a quite non-uniform world. Ground-based telescopic observations were undertaken to determine the appearance of the Galileo Probe entry site (6.5 degrees North Latitude, 4.5 degrees West Longitude) at the time of entry and to determine the variability of this location on the planet. An important goal of these observations was to place the Galileo Probe results in the context of Jupiter as a whole. The Probe entered Jupiter near the edge of a so-called infrared hot spot believed to be a region of reduced clouds. New Data Suggest Galileo Probe Found a Jovian Dry Spot Amid Wetter Whereabouts. Jupiter has wet and dry regions, according to the latest images from NASAs Galileo spacecraft, and the discovery may explain why the Galileo Probe found less water than expected when it dropped into the Jovian atmosphere on Dec. 7, 1995. The Probe, Built by Hughes Space and Communications Company, survived for almost an hour in Jupiters hosti le atmosphere, as it relayed data to the Galileo Orbiter more than 130,000 miles overhead. The latest data from the Galileo Orbiter also shed new light on the auroras that glow in a narrow ring around the poles of Jupiter. Auroral arc on Jupiter is thin and patchy, and its altitude is between 300 and 600 kilometers (186 and 372 miles). Jupiters AtmosphereThe cloud materials are only minor constituents of a much more extensive atmosphere of clear gas. The gas is mostly hydrogen and helium, whereas the clouds condense from ammonia, water vapor, and other minor compounds. Jupiters atmospheric composition is about four-fifths hydrogen and one-fifth helium by mass. The hydrogen and helium are thought to be a fossil atmosphere of the gas that surrounded all the planets as they formed. Infrared radiation reveals Jupiters temperature in the upper atmosphere to be very cold because of the planets great distance from the Sun about 133 K (-220 degrees F), on both the sunlit and nighttime sides. At a lower level, the poisonous clouds are warmer. Gaps in the clouds have revealed still lower haze layers with even higher temperatures of around 250 K (-9 degrees F). The lower regions may resemble the hydrogen-compound-rich primordial atmosphere of earth when terrestrial life originated. A recent model of Jupiters atmosphere call s for temperatures similar to those at Earths surface at a level of about 60 km below the Jovian cloud tops, where the pressure would be about 10 times Earths surface pressure. Such conditions might be hospitable to primitive life, but most scientists doubt that any life forms exist on Jupiter. Future space probes to Jupiter may clarify this. IOs pictures from the main SpacecraftIo can be classified as one of the most unusual moons in our solar system. Active volcanism on Io was the greatest unexpected discovery at Jupiter. It was the first time active volcanoes had been seen on another body in the solar system. Plumes from the volcanoes extend to more than 300 kilometers (190 miles) above the surface, with material being ejected at speeds up to a kilometer (.6 miles) per second. .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a , .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a .postImageUrl , .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a , .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a:hover , .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a:visited , .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a:active { border:0!important; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a:active , .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue413169abf300ab64f74ea030de2103a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: John kerry EssayIos volcanoes are apparently due to heating of the satellite by tidal pumping. Io is perturbed in its orbit by Europa and Ganymede, two other large satellites nearby, then pulled back again into its regular orbit by Jupiter. This tug-of-war results in tidal bulging as great as 100 meters (330 feet) on Ios surface. Io is composed primarily of rocky material with very little iron. Io is located within an intense radiation belt of electrons and ions trapped in Jupiters magnetic field. As the magnetosphere rotates with Jupiter, it sweeps past Io and strips away about 1,000 kilograms (1 ton) of material per second. The material forms a torus, a doughnut shaped cloud of ions that glow in the ultraviolet. The toruss heavy ions migrate outward, and their pressure inflates the Jovian magnetosphere to more than twice its expected size. Some of the more energetic sulphur and oxygen ions fall along the magnetic field into the planets atmosphere, resulting in auroras. B.Cassini ProbeCassini scientists have been busy planning what science they will do when they get near Saturn. Perhaps Cassini will discover new moons of Saturn, or a strange magnetic field anomaly that deserves further study. However, there are all sorts of opportunities for Cassini. Cassini could go into orbit around Saturns largest moon. Titan, or even use its gravity assist to escape Saturn altogether. It may even be possible for Cassini to go to another planet or visit an asteroid (though its likely that this would take many years to do ). However, the Saturn system is interesting enough and may even have some mission surprises. After the probe is released in early November, the orbited performs a propulsive maneuver to target for the flyby and delay its arrival to Titan so that it can have the proper geometry to view the probe descent region. During the probe mission, the orbited will fly above Titan and listen with its High Gain Antenna (HGA) for data transmitted by the probe. This data must be first stored on the orbiters Solid State Recorder before it can be downlinked to Earth later. The project has a number of strategies, including downlinking the problem data multiple times, to ensure that the probe data gets to Earth with no problems. As the Huygens probe breaks through the cloud deck, a camera will capture pictures of the Titan panorama. Other instruments will directly measure the organic chemistry in Titans atmosphereproviding the equivalent of a time machine to examine the chemistry of the early Earth. Instruments will also be used to study properties of Titans surface remotely, and perhaps even directly after landing on the surface. After the probe mission is completed, the spacecraft will turn the HGA to Earth and begin transmitting the recorded probe data. The data will even be transmitted twice and be verified on the ground before it can be overwritten on the data recorders. Once the data is verified, the probe mission is considered to be complete. Many scientists theorize that Titan may be covered by lakes or oceans of methane or ethane. This remains a mystery; the laws of thermodynamics say such oceans should exist, while radar studies conducted from Earth have turned up no evidence of them. Theories from the study of tidal motions suggest that Titan should either be covered by all oceans or all land, but nothing in between. The resolution of this puzzle is up to Cassini.

The Nature of the Distinct Contributions Made by Government, Media Owners, and Journalists to Canadas Media Environment

Introduction The government, media owners and journalists play a very vital role in ensuring smooth running and existence of a specific environment in the media industry. Each of them plays specific roles that go hand in hand for the proper coordination of the industry.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Nature of the Distinct Contributions Made by Government, Media Owners, and Journalists to Canada’s Media Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will look into each stakeholder roles played by each of the three in the creation of the media environment that is found in Canada today. First and foremost I will start with the introduction of cultural industries and explain the different techniques that the government Canada tends to employ in justifying their policy and instruments of regulation. The cultural media industries comprise music recording, book publishing, and cinema, publishi ng news paper and occasionally publishing magazines. The cultural industries also comprise of the new media. New media are inclusive of blog, websites, production of audio visual and exchange. The policies for the cultural industries in Canada started back in early 1950s together with the Massey Commission report. The development of policies started in 1970s. The cultural policies had four rationales identified as development of culture, service to the public, democratic participation, and market failure. The specific rationales of the industry were among the reasons that attracted government support. The government invested and offered significant incentives for televising local (Canadian) productions video and film. The regulation of the Canadian content has been an effective policy instrument in sound recording. Cultural, structural and industrial support measures have instituted a vibrant sector for publishing books. Control of ownership through Income Tax Act together with prov isions to split-run editions in publication of magazines has remained effective until today. The main concerns for the cultural industries are ownership and control of the system o distribution.Advertising Looking for term paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is well documented that movie theatres exclusively show U.S. movies in the film industry. U.S. materials dominate in magazine racks, record stores and book stores. Dominance by Canada is only evident with respect to newspapers. This has been possible due to the ownership provisions in Canada which are found in section 19 of the Income Tax Act. This section became ineffective in 1999, in the aftermath of Bill C-55. Cultural industries have also had a problem when it comes to financing. Therefore, subsidy programs sponsored by the government are needed in almost every field. Day after another, cultural industries in Canada is increasingly being accepted within and outside Canada. The big debate on whether government funds should assist cultural industries, and on what ground appears to have abated. This may be just for a short while since in the event that the Harper conservatives win a second term in office the debate may be revived again. The supporting of cultural industries has become more problematic due to participation by Canada in international trade agreements. There has been demand for greater access in Canada’s cultural markets by the U.S. beyond its already dominant position. The result of this is threatening of the future of cultural industries of Canada. The Cultural Industries Sectoral Advisory Group on International Trade advised Canada to negotiate an international instrument to address the diversity of culture in 1999. Media ownership in Canada is both publicly and privately owned. These altogether thrive in a mixed economy. Free market economics can not exclusively manage any media industry in Ca nada. Even the publication of the newspaper, which comes nearest to an exclusively private industry, is subject to the regulations of federal ownership. These regulations have the main purpose of protecting the newspapers from foreign competition and takeover. Demands of the market place face each media company in Canada. This is inclusive of even CBC which is owned by the public which pays attention to ratings and advertising revenues.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Nature of the Distinct Contributions Made by Government, Media Owners, and Journalists to Canada’s Media Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order to maintain a vibrant market place, we expect media market that is inclusive of both diversity of content and choice of outlets. All these have their roots from the ownership. Media owners choose the information that they want the audience to get. One of the major concerns reg arding the media is that a small number of owners may provide a limited choice in terms of where consumers can get information. This is because mass media production is majorly a business and measures of a successful business differ from those of a successful democracy. This simple means the interests of the media owners may not rhyme with the interest of the consumers. The best known example from Canada of how large media houses can serve interests of the business while at the same time violate interests of the public is the â€Å"Black Tuesday,† of 27th August, 1980. This happened when a competitive trade-off was made between two leading chain newspaper owners at that time i.e. Thomson and Southam. Southern closed â€Å"Winnipeg† which was its Tribune newspaper. This gave â€Å"Winnipeg Free Press† which was under the ownership of Thomson a monopoly in the city. On the other hand, Thomson closed its â€Å"Ottawa Journal† which left the â€Å"Ottawa Cit izen† which was under the ownership of Southam as the sole newspaper in the capital. These actions led to a major review of mass media by the Government of Canada in 1980. This was characterized by the formation of the Kent Commission (the Royal Commission on Newspapers). Media owners also determine the content found in the media. Many media owners do have strong political opinions that they present in their news outlets. This may reflect specific biases of the media owners which may in turn affect the type of content evident in coverage of several issues. Media play an important role in formation of opinions, attitudes, beliefs and values in the community.Advertising Looking for term paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There has been a debate on the level to which media influence behaviour and opinion. The general accepted view is that free and diverse media are an important part of good democracy. This is because of the ability of the media to convey the opinions of the people who then choose their political leaders. Although many people believe that much of the media coverage on political issues only reinforces the previous values, beliefs and political views, it is crystal clear that media coverage can affect the formation of opinions and assessment of political phenomenon. This brings in the importance of understanding the factors that influence media content. In the case where content of media influence opinions and assessment of issues, and these assessments and opinions then go on to influence the components of political behaviour such as salience of certain policy issues or the choice to vote for a given party. Therefore the responsibility of the media in a democratic process is to inform and not to direct. If the media offers direction, and then it should not be biased but rather provide a variety of voices to achieve balance since greater choice means more diverse content. Most media houses espouse right wing values in talk shows and commentary. These values carry across media networks not simply on isolated shows or stations. There are people who argue that journalists tend to be more liberal than the public and this leads to left-wing slant in coverage of issues by the media. Journalists play the role of producing the content of the media. Content producers are the heart of the media enterprise. The manufacture of the content that we hear on our radios; see in our books, newspapers, and magazines; and see on our computers, cinema screens and televisions is done by journalists, television producers, radio hosts, film editors and magazine photographers. These have broad job descriptions and work environments. The images we see and the stories whether factual or fic tional are constructed and never naturally presented. The construction process comprises a series of choices about which stories to present and how to present them. This happens both when journalists attempt to make the reality accurate and when they are trying to stress on a particular point of view or style of presentation. All in all, no story is a complete story and no picture is complete. This section will look at journalism as a process of producing content and look into a broader perspective of who the Canadian journalists are and the contexts of their work in influencing the media environment in Canada. Journalism as a form of story telling is based on the real people and events. But the reality as is always implied, the journalists instead frame reality, choosing specific occurrences, people and particular aspects of a story as worthy to make news while leaving others stories. Journalists share some of the characteristics of other types of storytellers but they are distingu ished by features such as their guiding principles of seeking for truth, objectivity and independence; the legal and ethical rights and responsibilities of practice in an environment of free-press; and the context of news production in an institution. Although one of the linchpins of news reporting is freedom of press, this does not imply that journalists are at liberty to report whatever they like or that news organizations can practice impunity through publishing and broadcasting. Such constraints as privacy and libel keep journalists in line with accepted standards of integrity. Given the nature of news production which is selective it is crucial to know the origin of the news report. Canadian journalists do not represent the population at large. They are mostly young, male, white, and well educated and they mostly work for commercial news organizations with large corporate owners. These factors influence both what and how the news is reported as well as what may not be reported. The above discussion has outlined broad roles with regard to media regulation, ownership and news production in Canada. The Canadian media environment has continued to experience the impact of the significant transformation that has occurred in the recent years. Key stakeholders have been reshaped due to a series of new acquisitions and mergers that have taken place in this century. This has initiated moves to democratize media to take two forms; media reform and alternative media. These seek to establish ways to diversify and make the media organizations that are in existence more accountable and the establishment of new independent media outlets specifically to serve defined communities respectively. This accountability will be depicted in the way the three organs of the media will operate and ultimately, they should serve the citizens of the Canadian government with an insight into the country’s state of affairs Reference Lorimer, Gasher, M. Skinner, D. (2008.) Mass comm unication in Canada.6th Ed. Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press This term paper on The Nature of the Distinct Contributions Made by Government, Media Owners, and Journalists to Canada’s Media Environment was written and submitted by user Cadence Vargas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.